| barai
払
|
|
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basami
鋏
|
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bu
武
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] martial, military |
| 2. |
Combat . Bu presupposes a confrontation but also includes
the art of evasion. It is equally synonymous with harmony (see
Ai, Wu) and with the reconciliation of
man and the universe. The word appears in the martial arts vocabulary
as a frequent syllable in other words such as Budo,
Bu-jutsu, etc. |
| 3. |
(boo) military A concept denoting the entire military dimension
of feudal Japan. It is used in compounds such as bushi,
budo, and bujutsu. |
| 7. |
military (martial) affairs |
| 10. |
War or combat. The word is often used to form the name of a martial
art, such as Bu-jutsu, or as part of
a martial art term, for instance, budo.
Combat in this sense refers to the physical actions of attack, defense,
counter-attack and simple evasion, plus military strategy. |
|
|
budō
【ぶどう】
武道
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] (lit. Martial Ways) martial arts for personal
or spiritual cultivation rather than for purely combative purposes;
sometimes written as bu no michi |
| 2. |
The Way of combat . A name adopted in the twentieth century for
martial arts in general, with an emphasis on their peaceful aspects.
In addition to the physical discipline and the techniques of movement,
it implies an attitude of mind and a certain ethic. Budo is
distinct from Bugei (arts of combat) and
from Bu-jutsu (techniques of combat).
These latter approaches are concerned with real fighting, whereas
Budo is concerned with the physical and spiritual training offered
through the study and practice of the martial arts. To make this distinction,
the new approach of Budo was given the name Shin-Budo
after 1868, and later became known simply as Budo. All Budo is now
regarded as a sporting enterprise and has a system of grading called
Kyudan which aims at determining
the degree of technical proficiency attained by the Budoka. |
| 3. |
(boo'doh) military way or way of fighting Spiritually related
systems, not necessarily designed by or for warriors, for self-defense.
Budo is a generic term encompassing all of the Japanese do
(way) arts, which are largely 20th-century offspring stemming
from concepts that can first be positively identified about the mid
18th-century.
Some of the more predominant budo practices today are judo,
karate-do, aikido, kendo, kyudo, and iaido. Budo subscribes to creating
the ideal psychological state by removing the fear of death and
excessive self-consciousness so its user can freely and completely
make use of the acquired physical techniques.
|
| 7. |
martial ways |
| 10. |
A term referring to those martial arts that have more than a combat
or martial dimension. Unlike the so-called called combat arts (bugei
or bujutsu), martial way arts or budo
emphasize the growth and development of the individual's spiritual
and physical well-being. Personal growth, not just self-defense, is
the primary purpose of such arts. Budo arts are derived from the combat
arts; they did not develop independently of them. Through long practice
and training, the martial artist who practices a budo style will achieve
spiritual, mental and emotional peace. Budo arts are those that include
the word do or way in their name, such as Aikido, Judo
and Iaido, plus others. |
| 11. |
The way of the samurai. |
see also: Wikipedia |
| budōka
武道家
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] a person studying martial arts or ways |
| 2. |
Name given to all those who follow a school of Budo, whatever their
grade. Each branch of Budo has its own name: Judo,
Aikido, Karate, etc. A Budoka within a particular branch
is this also a Judo-ka, Aikido-ka, or Karate-ka,
the suffix -ka denoting a practitioner . |
| 3. |
(boo-doh'kaw) military art person Any follower of the budo doctrine
belonging to such arts as aikido, judo, kendo, karate-do, iaido, and
kyudo. |
| 10. |
The term for any practitioner of a budo
art. More generally, anyone who practices a martial art is given this
designation. A martial artist who follows a specific system is also
referred to by that system's name: for instance, a karateka or judoka
is one who follows the practices of Karate or Judo. |
|
| budōshin
武道心
|
see also: budō and shin
| 4. |
Budoshin means to live in a respectful and honorable manner. It
means to be chivalrous and knightly in one's behavior. It is the attitude
and philosophy that goes along with the mechanics of the art. |
|
| bugei
武芸
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] a term used to refer to classical Japanese martial
arts |
| 2. |
Art of combat in the form practised by the Samurai
of old, mainly concerned with the effective use of weapons. This warrior
art includes the laws governing the behaviour of Samurai vis-à-vis
their opponents, according to the code of Bushido.
All the techniques relevant to Jutsu fall within the art of
Bugei. Bugei took the name Budo towards
the end of the nineteenth century, when it was trasformed into a physical
and spiritual disipline. It is the equivalent of Bu-jutsu
or warrior techniques . |
| 3. |
(boo'gay) martial arts A generic term encompassing the older Japanese
jutsu (arts) which were in practice before
the mid 18th-century and were the predecessors of the budo.
Ideally, bugei applies specifically to those principles used by the
samurai, or bushi,
whose occupation was called bugei. It includes strategy, fortifications,
and tactics. |
| 10. |
Martial arts that emphasize the fighting aspect as applied to combat
or battle. Such martial arts are mostly concerned with weapons use.
See Budo. |
see also: Wikipedia |
|
bujin
武人
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] warrior |
| 2. |
Warrior . See Bushi. |
| 3. |
(boo'jeen) military person A name for the martial arts expert;
same as bugeisha. |
see also: Wikipedia |
| bujutsu
武術
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] martial arts; the characters for this word are read
wushu in Chinese. |
| 2. |
warrior techniques or techniques of combat used by the Bushi,
or warriors of ancient Japan, whose aim was to achieve maximum effectiveness
in warfare. See Budo, Bugei,
Ryu. |
| 3. |
(boo-jut'soo) military art(s) A collective term for all of the
Japanese jutsu (arts) extant before the
mid-18th century and practiced almost exclusively by the
samurai warrior. These combatives, whose
main use was to overcome a foe in combat, were the forerunners of
the modern do (way) systems. Thus, judo
evolved from jujutsu, kendo from kenjutsu,
karate-do from karate-jutsu, kyudo from kyujutsu, and so on. |
| 7. |
martial arts |
| 10. |
Another word for Bugei. Feudal Japanese
warriors adopted combat methods designed for use in battle. In the
martial arts, these techniques of combat are different from the ways
of combat, because the techniques of combat emphasize deadly fighting
skills as opposed to the ways of combat, which are interested in the
development of character or the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.
See Budo. |
see also: Wikipedia |
|
bushi
武士
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] samurai, warrior |
| 2. |
Warrior . This was the name given to all the warriors who made
up families (Buka) with a warrior tradition. It distinguished
them from the noble families (Honke). The Bushi class
developed mainly in the provinces in the north of Japan where landowners
had to defend themselves against the Ainu. They formed themselves
into powerful clans who, from the twelfth century, opposed the noble
families which were grouping in support of the imperial family living
in Kyoto. The Bushi fought among themselves for supremacy.
A famous example is that of the Minamoto or Genji clan
against the Taira or Heike. The victorious Minamoto
set up a Bakufu or government from a military camp in 1185
at Kamakura. They held the reins of power under the aegis of the Shoguns
or Generals fighting the barbarians , a type of regime which remained
vigorously in force until 1868. This period covered three dynasties
and was subject to some interruptions, but it ended only with the
emperor’s return to direct power and establishment in Tokyo. Also
called Bujin. |
| 3. |
(boo-shee) military person, warrior, or samurai . A generic
term for the Japanese warrior that was changed to samurai
after the 15th century A.D. The bushi functioned
as armed bodyguards for the feudal lords and followed with unswerving
allegiance the code of bushido; same as buke. |
| 5. |
A warrior or fighting man. |
| 10. |
A Japanese word meaning warrior, which is what the samurai called
themselves. Other classes called them samurai, which means "attendant"
or servant . Bushi refers to those of the warrior class as distinct
from members of the aristocracy. The Bushi were a powerful force in
the government of Japan, and the ruling class was derived from these
families for many centuries. See Samurai. |
| 11. |
Warrior; samurai. |
| 12. |
Warrior; samurai. |
|
| bushidō
武士道
|
| 1. |
[Common Usage] (lit. Way of the Warrior) the union of martial
traditions and strategy with the moral codes of the warrior class,
especially as influenced by Neo-Confucian thought. |
| 2. |
Way of the warrior . A code of honour and social behaviour. It
took shape in the seventeenth century as a successor to the unwritten
code of Kyuba-no-Michi (Way of the bow and the horse) which
dated from the thirteenth century. The term Bushido (from Bushi,
warrior and Do, moral Way) was used for the first time in the
writings of Yamaga Soko, a learned Confucian (1622–85). It was popularized
by the work of Nitobe Inazo (1862–1933) called Bushido, published
in 1905: a book whose contents reverberated around the world. This
code of Bushido demanded from the warrior, Bushi
or Samurai a single-minded existence,
contempt for death, loyalty to one’s lord through thick and thin,
courage, politeness, sincerity of heart and self-control, above and
beyond that demanded by the martial arts. Nitobe Inazo defined seven
virtues which a Bushi must posses: a sense of justice and honesty,
courage and contempt for death, sympathy towards all people, politeness
and respect for etiquette, sincerity and respect for one's word of
honour, absolute loyalty to one's superiors and finally, a duty to
defend the honour of one's name and clan. This list of virtues was
simplified in the form of Duty (Giri), Resolution (Shiki),
Generosity (Ansha), Firmness of soul (Fudo), Magnanimity
(Doryo) and Humanity (Ninyo).
The first written code of Bushido was the Buke Sho-hatto.
Another famous code was the Hagakure (Hidden beneath the
leaves ) by Yamamoto Tsunetomo (c. 1716). According to these
works, Bushido is a code of honour directing the Bushi — and
more particularly the Samurai — to
follow a severe etiquette and to devote their lives and spirits
to one of several activities beyond the level of an ordinary man ,
transcending considerations of life and death (Seishi-o Choetsu).
It is a way of being, of behaving towards one’s fellows, and an
absolute fidelity to a line of life (formerly to a lord, or superior),
which demands the giving up of self when necessary (see Sutemi).
It implies respect for oneself and for others — whoever they
may be, weak or strong — as well as perfect control of the mind,
the impulses and passions, in order to leave the spirit in harmony
(Wa) with the universe.
|
| 3. |
(boo-shee'doh) way of the warrior A strict code of ethical behavior
followed by the samurai. Bushido was formulated
during the Tokugawa Era (1603–1868) of Japan, surprising perhaps,
in peaceful times. The premise of the code was to advise a samurai
how to conduct himself in battle and how to find a meaningful place
in a peacetime society. Its main tenets were loyalty to one's lord
and dutiful service. To die in the service of one’s lord was viewed
as the ultimate expression of this loyalty.
Bushido’s ethical basis is applied in modern martial arts through
the endorsement of virtues such as pride in duty, discipline in
conduct, and humility in oneself.
|
| 5. |
The way of the warrior; the moral code and belief system of Japan’s
samurai. |
| 10. |
- An ethical code followed by the samurai,
much like the celebrated chivalric code of medieval Europe. The
term was coined in the late-19th century by a writer,
Inazo Nitobe. The main principles of bushido
are fundamental to the way of the warrior. These are loyalty,
right conduct and bravery.
- The Way of the Warrior. This ethical code governing the behavior
of samurai grew from the ideals of
The Way of the Bow and Horse, an early ethical or philosophical
belief system, an ideal adhered to in thought and writing if not
in action. The way of the warrior developed from the 17th
century on, when the ethical beliefs of the samurai became the
subject of written code, debate, discussion and instruction. Ideal
behavior for a samurai included the affectation of contempt for
death, plus loyalty and courage. The term bushido used to characterize
this ideal was coined by Nitobe Inazo in his work called Bushido.
- Bushido was a natural development from centuries of military
experience. Bushido is an ethical belief, not a fighting system.
By following it, warriors could apply their combat skills in strictly
defined right or wrong ways, just as Westerners followed the code
of chivalry. Bushido incorporated Shinto and Confucian ideas.
The term itself was first used in the twentieth century to describe
this ancient ideal.
|
| 11. |
The way of the samurai. |
See also: Library of Congress
See also: Wikipedia |
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